Judgements on History and Historians 对历史与史学家的评价 I***N9780415412933 pdf 下载 极速 mobi txt pdb lrf 网盘

Western Civilisation was in its pomp when Jacob Burckhardt delivered his Judgements on History and Historians; European Empires spanned the globe, while the modern age was being f***ed in the nationalist revoluti*** of 1848. As a tutor to the young Friedrich Nietzsche as well as one of the first historians to take 'culture' as his subject rather than the triumphs and travails of kings and generals, Burckhardt was at the vanguard of this modern sensibility.

Ambitious in its scope, ranging from the days of Ancient Egypt, through the Reformation to the time of Napoleon, this is indeed a history of 'Western Civilization', written before two m***trous world wars threw such a concept into disrepute.

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

Ⅰ Antiquity

Ⅱ The Middle Ages

Ⅲ History from1450 to 1598

Ⅳ History of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Ⅴ The Age of Revolution

INDEX

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有一种流传甚广的错误观念认为，一项革新，无论它一度出于多么伤天害理的行径或***，因为后来建基于它的局势竞能维持且似乎建立了新的合法条件，它就由此合法化了，或它就是历史的“必然”。人类仅仅是把自己有益的力量追加在***上并顺应***，不管喜不喜欢。（p83）

这就是欧洲：在丰碑、图画和言辞中，在制度、政***，直至在个人中，所有力量的自我表达；所有方面和向度上充实的精神生活；精神为留下关于它所经验到的一切事物的知识而奋斗，不去默默服从各种世界君主制和神权政治，就像东方因其一元化君主制而做的那样。如一个历史学家应做的，从一个高远的有利位置听去，钟声美妙和谐，无论从近处听它们是否会杂乱无章：Discordia concors[杂乱变得和谐]。（p179）

荒唐可悲的补充是，国家为政治、战争、其他高级事业以及“进步”，欠下了那些众所周知的债务，于是抵押上了未来的成果，宣称它多少正在提供这些成果这里的假设是，未来将永远奖励这一关系。国家已经从商人和工业家那里学会如何利用信用；它不断***有关民族，使之陷入破产。

如今国家作为头号骗子跟所有骗子站在一起。（p193）

钱变成且始终是事物的重要尺度，穷是最大的恶。钱取代了出身，但它较之后者更公平，因为若后嗣***，它就不会长期保持。（p251）

慌张和惶恐正在损害生活。由于普遍竞争，一切都***向最大的速度和对细微差别的竞逐。

但与此同时，由于大城市的影响，掀起了追求暴富的躁狂，因为这简直就是生存的尺度。对这种状况的天真迁就随处可见。“体面的生活”被抬升到了难以负担的地步；至少是要求富裕的外表。各种欺骗跟这些现象和状况密不可分。（p251）

我们将抛开这种历史的装饰性结尾。相反，我们要求了解命运一一要求对每次摆在我们面前的东西负有一种责任感，要求服从不可避免的东西，要求当我们面对重大生存问题时，有一种对这些问题之清楚的、毫不含糊的陈述；最后，要求在一个个体的生活中有所需要的许多阳光来使他保持警醒，以便实现他的职责和他对这个世界的沉思。（p265）

书籍介绍

Western Civilisation was in its pomp when Jacob Burckhardt delivered his Judgements on History and Historians; European Empires spanned the globe, while the modern age was being f***ed in the nationalist revoluti*** of 1848. As a tutor to the young Friedrich Nietzsche as well as one of the first historians to take 'culture' as his subject rather than the triumphs and travails of kings and generals, Burckhardt was at the vanguard of this modern sensibility. Ambitious in its scope, ranging from the days of Ancient Egypt, through the Reformation to the time of Napoleon, this is indeed a history of 'Western Civilization', written before two m***trous world wars threw such a concept into disrepute.